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Marrige and Funeral ceremony.
Marrige
People
in north Tibet enjoy free marriage, largely because they are widely
dispersed. Nonetheless, the parents have a very important say in
this matter and relatives of friends will be asked to serve as match
makers. Weddings are arranged according to the economic might of
both families. On the wedding day, both families burn aromatic plants
to worship the deities. Wealthier families always set out southwestward,
no matter which direction they end up taking. The procession is
headed by people holding a map of Eight Diagrams. The husband's
family will hang hada scarves from ropes used to tighten the tent.
On both sides of the tent gate are bags of dried cow dung and full
kettles of milk. Where the bride is going to dismount lays a piece
of white felt, on which is drawn an auspicious pattern in qingke
barley. When the bride gets closer to the tent, young women present
her with chemar and qingke barley wine, and greet her into the tent.
Both the bride and the bride groom are presented with zholma zhesi
(groma food flavored with butter). This is followed by
relatives and friends presenting hada scarves and gifts to the newly
weds, their parents and other important people present for the occasion.
Two people are selected to represent the families of the bride and
groom to sing praises of the bride or groom. After this, people
sing and dance to their hearts' content. The wedding ceremony lasts
generally for one to three days, during which the newly weds stay
with parents of the bride. Celebrations are also indispensable.
Only after all these traditions is the wedding ceremony over.
Funeral ceremony.
Funeral ceremonies are held in accordance with the status of the
dead when he/she was alive. If the deceased was a noble or a Living
Buddha, he/she was cremated. If the dead was a Grand Living Buddha
or one with a high reputation, he/she was buried in a dagoba. If
the dead was killed or died of contagious diseases, he/she was buried
in a tomb of varied scales. If the dead was a child, he/she was
buried in a stone coffin, a pottery jar or earth. All other deceased
are subject to celestial burial, in which their bodies are sliced
apart to feed vultures. All of these customs take place according
to the order of the celestial burial master. When one dieds, eminent
monks are invited to chant sutras to redeem the sins of the dead.
Buddhist rituals are arranged in accordance with the result of divination.
In the pastoral area in north Tibet, when one dies, the whole village
or tribe holds mourning activities, and relatives and friends present
cash gifts and other objects to console the suffering family. Members
of the suffering family will refrain from combing their hair, laughing
or attending recreational activities for an entire year. Wealthier
families will hold Buddhist activities once a month in the first
year. On the death anniversary, rituals will be held for two to
five days for the whole family to wash their hair and change their
clothes to mark the end of the mourning anniversary.
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